Astronomers ‘Confirm’ Existence of New Class of Planet; A Waterworld

Score one for Kevin Costner.

Astronomers have confirmed the existence of a new class of planet: a waterworld with a thick, steamy atmosphere.

The exoplanet GJ 1214b is a so-called “Super Earth” – bigger than our planet, but smaller than gas giants such as Jupiter.

Observations using the Hubble telescope now seem to confirm that a large fraction of its mass is water.

The planet’s high temperatures suggest exotic materials might exist there.

“GJ 1214b is like no planet we know of,” said lead author Zachory Berta, from the Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

Read more.

The Scale of the Universe 2

Carey and Mike Huang who created the Scale of the Universe in 2010 have followed up with the Scale of the Universe 2. A mind boggling collection of things and their size, up to and including the entire known Universe. Scroll in and out to go from microscopic to billions of light years in seconds and don’t forget to click on anything in the scale for some more info on the object.

Blue Marble 2012: Planet Earth in High Resolution

A 'Blue Marble' image of the Earth taken from the VIIRS instrument aboard NASA's most recently launched Earth-observing satellite - Suomi NPP. This composite image uses a number of swaths of the Earth's surface taken on January 4, 2012. The NPP satellite was renamed 'Suomi NPP' on January 24, 2012 to honor the late Verner E. Suomi of the University of Wisconsin.

Click here for higher-res images for download. The 2012 version of this photograph was an homage of sorts to the famous 1972 image taken by Apollo 17 astronauts and which is one of the most widely viewed photographs in existence.

View of the Earth as seen by the Apollo 17 crew traveling toward the moon. This translunar coast photograph extends from the Mediterranean Sea area to the Antarctica south polar ice cap. This is the first time the Apollo trajectory made it possible to photograph the south polar ice cap. Note the heavy cloud cover in the Southern Hemisphere. Almost the entire coastline of Africa is clearly visible. The Arabian Peninsula can be seen at the northeastern edge of Africa. The large island off the coast of Africa is Madagascar. The Asian mainland is on the horizon toward the northeast.

The Known Universe [Video]

“This film shows the known Universe as mapped through astronomical observations. Every satellite, moon, planet, star and galaxy is represented to scale and in its correct, measured location according the best scientific research to date.”

APOD: 2010 August 13 – Arp 286: Trio in Virgo

Arp 286: Trio in Virgo See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download  the highest resolution version available.

Credit & Copyright: Stephen Leshin

Explanation: A remarkable telescopic composition in yellow and blue, this scene features a trio of interacting galaxies almost 90 million light-years away, toward the constellation Virgo. On the left, two, spiky, foreground Milky Way stars echo the trio galaxy hues, a reminder that stars in our own galaxy are like those in the distant island universes. Predominately yellow, with sweeping spiral arms and dust lanes, NGC 5566 is enormous, about 150,000 light-years across. Just below it lies small, blue NGC 5569. Near center, the third galaxy, NGC 5560, is multicolored and apparently stretched and distorted by its interaction with NGC 5566. The galaxy trio is also included in Halton Arp’s 1966 Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies as Arp 286. Of course, such cosmic interactions are now appreciated as a common part of the evolution of galaxies.

via APOD: 2010 August 13 – Arp 286: Trio in Virgo.

Awesome Time Lapse Video of the Milky Way Galaxy

Galactic Center of Milky Way Rises over Texas Star Party from William Castleman on Vimeo.

Time lapse video of night sky as it passes over the 2009 Texas Star Party in Fort Davis, Texas. The galactic core of Milky Way is brightly displayed. Images taken with 15mm fisheye lens.

Starburst Galaxy

starburst_galaxy

While it is not a delicious, chewy, fruit flavored galaxy far away, it’s still pretty freaking amazing.

Long ago, astronomers spotted a galaxy far away and wondered why it was giving birth to so many stars. Using the Hubble Space Telescope, they have finally figured out the answer to the puzzle: The starburst galaxy turns out to be farther away than they thought.

Rather than being all by its lonesome, just 7 million light-years away, the starburst galaxy NGC 1569 is stuck in the middle of crowded galactic cluster nearly 11 million light-years away. The resulting gravitational interactions are probably squeezing the galaxy’s gas so much that it’s been forming stars at a rate more than 100 times faster than our own Milky Way … for the past 100 million years or so.

“This was the strongest starburst galaxy in the nearby universe,” Alessandra Aloisi, an astronomer at the Baltimore-based Space Telescope Science Institute and the European Space Agency, told me today. “It was really puzzling why it was forming stars at such a high rate. It wasn’t fitting in with current theories.”

This also reminds me of a conversation I was having the other day about the sad but inevitable demise of the Hubble.  NASA has claimed that if the telescope breaks down again it will not be fixed, that its lifespan has run its course.  Let’s hope there is something bigger and better in line to replace the Hubble quickly when it does reach it’s end.

Just a few weeks ago NASA rebooted several critical backup units on board the Hubble to repair the primary instrument control and data formatting unit which failed in late September this year causing the telescope to shutdown.  The first image the Hubble produced after being rebooted was astonishing.